PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: The progression from MASH to MASH-related HCC (~2% of cases per year) is influenced by a variety of factors, including the hepatic tissue and immune microenvironment, genetic polymorphisms, mainly patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) variant (rs738409; I148M) [34], and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota [35], while MASH-related HCC has unique molecular and immune traits as compared to other aetiologies of HCC.