Assessment of ICAM-1 and VCAM-2 expression in the kidneys and maturement of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 may contribute to expanding knowledge about the involvement of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and potential action of suramin, especially after it was found that sICAM-1 and ICAM-1 in urine are not useful for assessing ICAM-1 expression and inflammatory activity in the kidneys [52]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and diabetic kidney disease.