A decrease in butyrate levels due to dysbiosis can cause dysregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and IL-2 in PD patients due to the decrease in the anti-inflammatory activities of butyrate [26]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.