Furthermore, in PD patients, the rise in proinflammatory cytokine levels, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 was associated with the decrease in Lachnospiraceae and the increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Verrucomibia and Bacteroides [25,26]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is Parkinson disease.