In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that high-purity anhydrous alum (A-alum-1) inhibits melanogenesis via the cAMP-PKA/CREB pathway-related downregulation of MITF gene expression (at the transcriptional level) and ERK pathway-related impairment in MITF nuclear accumulation (at the post-translational level) in α-MSH-induced melanoma cells (Figure 6). The gene discussed is CREB1; the disease is melanoma.