On the molecular level, TDP-43 and FUS participate in the biogenesis and metabolism of coding RNAs and in the transport and translation of mRNA as part of cytoplasmic mRNA-ribonuclein, many of which are involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity, indicating that synaptic dysfunction could be an early process contributing to motor and cognitive deficits in ALS [153]. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and Cognitive impairment.