NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: NF-κB, responsible for the transcription of several pro-inflammatory genes, including those for pro-inflammatory cytokines, (e.g., TNF-α and IFN-γ), has been found markedly overactivated in IBD, as evidenced by the increase in NF-κB p65 expression in biopsied tissue from IBD patients, particularly CD [85].