Urinary cell membrane biomarkers useful in LN include the cell adhesion molecules (CAM) with vascular CAM1 (VCAM1) and activated leukocyte CAM (ALCAM), the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and the soluble (s)CD163 receptor shed from pro-inflammatory/fibrotic macrophages M2. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to lobular neoplasia.