Amyloid formation in the islets of Langerhans is one of the main causes of the death of hormone-producing pancreatic cells in both type 1 diabetes and T2D, when insulin resistance leads to a compensatory increase in insulin and IAPP production, which, in turn, leads to an increase in amyloidosis in the islets of Langerhans and their involution. The gene discussed is IAPP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.