PPARG and thyroid gland carcinoma: Classic thyroid cancer differentiation agents such as retinoic acids (RA), aromatic fatty acids, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists (PPAR-γ) induce NIS gene expression [43, 44], but these drugs face challenges due to their poor bioavailability, high dose requirements, and nonspecific targeting [45, 46].