Discovered processes were mostly upregulated in AF and included epithelial and endothelial cell differentiation and migration (e.g. VEGFA, ROCK2, ETS1 and MET), ‘regulation of RAC1 activity’ (e.g. RAC1, ARHGAP6 and KALRN), ‘integrins in angiogenesis’ (e.g. VEGFA, AKT1 and COL4A3) and ‘glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis’ (e.g. VCAN, B3GNT2, CHST11 and CHSY1) (Berg et al. 2021). Here, VCAN is linked to atrial fibrillation.