HMGB1 and neoplasm: As previously discussed, the escalation of molecules such as HMGB1, HSP70, S100A8/A9, or HMGB1+ tumor cells, or EVs carrying HMGB1, HSP70 and HSP90 in the TME, is closely associated with M1 polarization, maturation of DCs, or the recruitment of TANs [65, 77, 92, 107, 108].