For example, beforewidespread PSA testing was introduced, 30–35% of men had bonemetastasis when PCa was diagnosed, and mortality rates ranged from20 to 60%, depending on the country.7 Today,approximately 5–7% of men present with metastatic PCa, and5-year survival rates are over 97%.8,9 However, despitethe clear benefits of PSA testing, there are several drawbacks relatedto current clinical practice and technologies. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.