AB: antibiotic agent; ALT: antibiotic lock therapy; CRBSI: catheter-related bloodstream infection; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CiT: citrate; EthOH: ethanol; ELT: ethanol lock therapy; EDTA: ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; ESI: exit site infection; GM: gentamicin; HPN: heparin; KDOQI: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; non-AB: antimicrobial agent; N/A: not applicable; RCTs: randomized controlled trials; rt-PA: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TMP: trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole; TRD: taurolidine; TCI: tunneled catheter infection. Here, PLAT is linked to infection.