NEFL and peripheral neuropathy: Previous studies preliminarily found that impaired kidney function could affect the concentration of amyloid 1–42, p-tau181, and NfL but not plasma GFAP (Sedaghat et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023); however, more comprehensive studies with larger cohorts are still needed to explore the effect of more factors, such as peripheral neuropathies and body mass index, on blood GFAP for more accurate laboratory measurements and clinical interpretation (Hansson et al., 2022).