Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in each region (>90%), patients from the high-risk mountain region harbor a 25-fold increase in cancer rate compared to the low-risk coastal region.14,15 All H. pylori strains isolated from the low-risk and high-risk patients were urease-, catalase-, and oxidase-positive, and the majority of H. pylori strains isolated from the low-risk and high-risk patients were cagA+, vacA s1m1, sabA+, and babA+ (Supplementary Table 2). Here, CAT is linked to cancer.