GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): Numerous studies have soundly measured reference hematological values, including [Hb], in populations with high anemia prevalence (Béavogui et al., 2020; Buchanan et al., 2010; Dapper et al., 2009; Fondoh et al., 2020; Humberg et al., 2011; Kone et al., 2017; Schmidt et al., 2018; Umar et al., 2015;WHO, 2023a; WHO, 2023b).