INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: It is worth noting that certain indicators, such as sex, history of malignancy, varicose veins, positive blood tests, history of DVT, smoking, diabetes requiring insulin, hormone replacement therapy, hip fracture, 72-hour bed rest, blood transfusion, central venous catheter (CVC), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), were excluded from our study.