Additionally, we also observed increased SOCS5 expression and inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after IMT, NIPPV and sequential NIPPV + IMT therapy, suggesting that the SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might be involved in its mediated changes in oxidative stress levels and disease progression in COPD patients. Here, STAT3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.