Moreover, the mechanism by which OSA affects aortic dissection (AD) has been further investigated with the help of the newly established OSA-AD in vivo mouse model and in vitro cell culture studies, which demonstrates OSA-induced nocturnal IH can promote the occurrence and progression of AD via a ROS-HIF-1α-MMPs associated pathway [34]. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.