KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) accelerated the approval of sotorasib, a small molecule drug that covalently binds to cysteine 12 in the GDP-bound state of the KRAS-G12C mutant, to treat advanced-stage KRAS-G12C mutant NSCLC and marked a breakthrough in tumor therapy11.