When individually analyzing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients, various adaptive immune pathways, including “Generation of second messenger molecules”, “Costimulation by the CD28 family”, and “Immunoregulatory interactions”, were still upregulated over time in survivors, but not non-survivors, of both groups, while “IL-1 signaling” was downregulated over time in survivors of both groups (Figure S9). Here, CD28 is linked to Sepsis.