STAT3 and COVID-19: Currently-approved and in-trial immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19 include corticosteroids such as dexamethasone (21), IL-6 signaling inhibitors such as tocilizumab (57) and baricitinib (23), the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (58), and the complement inhibitor vilobelimab (59); these all target enriched pathways/gene sets that were observed to be persistently dysregulated in non-survivors (“Inflammatory response”, “IL-6 JAK STAT3 signaling”, “IL-1 signaling”, and “Complement”) (Figures 1, 2).