The identified TFs, including GATA3, STAT1, IRF2, NFKB1, RELA, and FOXC1, and miRNAs, such as hsa-mir-335-5p, hsa-mir-4505, hsa-mir-143-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, and hsa-miR-146a-5p, are associated with a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, ARDS, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the pathogenesis and exacerbation of sepsis and COVID-19 (32, 35, 48–50). Here, STAT1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.