TGFB1 and metastatic malignant neoplasm: Notably, inflammatory cytokines and other growth factors generated through TLR7 and TLR8 resulted in increased progression of metastatic cancer cells and downregulate the cell cycle regulators including cyclin D1, p16, PTEN, and the upregulation of p27, p53, p21, cyclin B1, PPARγ, and TGF-β (113, 114).