TLR3 and neoplasm: Moreover, TLR3 (regarded as a potential therapeutic target for multiple cancers), TLR5 (an effective target for antitumor immunotherapy), and TLR9 (involved in both anti-tumor and pro-tumor responses) are overexpressed in GC that lead to increased cell proliferation, dysplasia, metaplasia, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival (149, 150).