Other TLR4 antagonists like paeonol (PAE) and CXC195 have shown promises as potential anti-cancer drugs that function through regulating the activation of the TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB pathway in human osteosarcoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma as derived from their efficacy in cell culture experiments (309, 310). Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.