As tPA itself has been established as a thrombolytic agent to be used as the first line of treatment of acute myocardial infarction (94), and high tPA expression and secretion via extracellular vesicles by MSCs have been found to be beneficial, particularly for stroke therapy (95), MSC-mediated tissue repair, especially targeted treatment of a thrombus using MSC-delivered tPA, seems to be a promising option. Here, PLAT is linked to acute myocardial infarction.