In addition to regulating immune cells, PD-1/PD-L1 drives AML progression by regulating tumor-associated proteins, for example, the expression of PI3K and p-AKT decreases after PD-L1 knockdown, which induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and the upregulation of PD-L1 increases the expression of PI3K/AKT and enhances the proliferation of tumor cells (59). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.