INS and Insulin resistance: In addition, long-term high blood sugar levels will also induce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body, and a large amount of evidence suggests that AGEs can cause tissue damage, ß Cell damage can inhibit insulin secretion, directly lead to the combination of long-term complications of diabetes (Zhao et al., 2009), and reduce peripheral insulin sensitivity, resulting in insulin resistance (Uribarri et al., 2011; Cai et al., 2012).