Activating Protein-1 (AP1); Crohn’s disease (CD); Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS); Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF); Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC); Ionizing radiation (IR); Nuclear Factor kB (NFκB); Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ); Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-7 (rhBMP7); Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); Transforming growth factor (TGF); Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS); Zinc-finger E-box-binding (Zeb). Here, ZEB1 is linked to Cowden disease.