Research has shown that BAs in combination with its activating transcription factor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), inhibit cholesterol transport and increase cholesterol excretion by macrophages in order to reduce cholesterol concentration in plasma, and can be used as a therapeutic target for dyslipidemia (Figure 2; Kawamata et al., 2003; Westin et al., 2005). Here, NR1H4 is linked to metabolic syndrome.