TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, this study found out whether girls or boys with obesity experience the elevation of ICAM-1 due to the elevation of triglyceride, although it did not have a direct or indirect effect on VCAM-1, which was supported by ex vivo study using postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (PP-TGRLs) combined with TNF-α stimulation (at dose 0.3 ng/mL), increasing the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin by 10–15%.