Progressively higher levels of total CAS-9 and other pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, CAS-3, and CAS-8 were found in platelet-rich plasma from patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (a loss of cognitive function that can lead to AD diagnosis) and AD compared to subjects without cognitive deficits (Zhao et al. 2016). Here, EFS is linked to Alzheimer disease.