TGFA and cancer: Furthermore, transwell invasion assays indicated that exposure of cancer cells to either CM from TGFα depleted rCAFs or CM from CAFs supplemented with cetuximab reduced their invasion ability in the presence of DDP, compared with the cells exposed to either CM from siNSC transfected rCAFs or CM from rCAFs supplemented with IgG, and untreated control cells (Fig. 5d, e).