GAs were relatively common in SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling genes ARID1A and SMARCA4, which are important tumour suppressor genes23, the TP53 pathway-related gene MDM2, the DNA damage sensors ATM and ATR, and BRCA1 and BRCA2, whereas GAs in other DDR genes were rare. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and neoplasm.