Moreover, we also assessed the performance in distinguishing IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma with IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma (task 7), achieving subgroup AUCs ranging from 0.957 to 0.994 on all cohorts, as shown in Supplementary Fig. 9i–l and Table 1. The gene discussed is IDH2; the disease is diffuse astrocytoma.