L1, comprised of predominantly ST167, carried a T3SS, and most isolates (87%, 27/31) were from human infections; L2, mainly consisted of two STs (ST164 and ST174), had no unique virulence factors, and most L2 isolates (74%, 20/27) were obtained from the environment; and L3, predominated by ST173, carried the VPI that encodes the TCP pilus, and the majority of these isolates were from human infections (66.7%, 36/54). This evidence concerns the gene SPINK1 and infection.