MTOR and cholangiocarcinoma: Yokoi et al. found that inhibition of the Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin complex) pathway—which initiates aerobic glycolysis and lactic acid assembly—could enhance the sensitivity of CCA cells to chemotherapy (Yokoi et al., 2018), suggesting that targeting CCA cell metabolism may provide a possibility for improving the chemotherapeutic efficacy.