IL1B and Peritoneal Fibrosis: The peritoneum can be damaged by various factors, activating macrophages and neutrophils that mediate NF-κB signalling pathways via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and release numerous inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α, leading to peritoneal fibrosis (Kato et al., 2004).