CXCL12 and Stroke: Each 1-SD increase in log-transformed SDF-1 levels was associated with a 65% increased risk (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18–2.32) of recurrent stroke and a 47% increased risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08–1.99) of cardiovascular events at one year after stroke (Table 2).