CXCL12 and stroke disorder: Compared to those with the lowest quartile of plasma SDF-1 levels, patients with the highest SDF-1 levels had a higher risk HRs (95% CIs) of recurrent stroke [4.12 (1.31–12.95)], cardiovascular events [2.80 (1.11–7.06)] but not all-cause mortality [2.09 (0.86–5.09)] at one year after adjustment for age, sex, medical history, and other covariates (Table 2).