Studies have shown that lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs are involved in the pathological development of AD in Supplementary Materials, including miR-21 in VSMCs, which can promote phenotypic transition by targeting SMAD7 [57], and lncRNA-XIST can inhibit cell proliferation through the miR-17/PTEN axis in VSMCs [58]. Here, SMAD7 is linked to Alzheimer disease.