As we have shown that loss of NM1 suppresses the global level of active histone marks associated with gene promoters and transcription start sites, increases levels of heterochromatin histone marks23, and its deletion leads to a metabolic switch from OXPHOS to glycolysis, combination of these factors in NM1 KO cells may provide sufficient signal for cell transition to cancer gene programs even though they have suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.