ENPP2 and colitis: These results resonate well with previous observations that DSS-induced colitis is less severe in mice with deleted or silenced Lpar2 gene [22, 34], LPAR2 receptor is expressed by and involved in the activation of numerous immune cells, including macrophages [22] and T cells [67, 68], and the ATX-LPA axis promotes the migration of macrophages [34] and CD3+ lymphocytes to the inflamed colonic mucosa [69].