The pro-fibrotic effects of MAPK have a wider impact than just bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis model, TGF-β signaling can cause significant activation of HSCs and stimulate high levels of CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) in HSCs through the p38/MAPK pathway. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.