Interestingly, several antimicrobial proteins differentially expressed in nasal mucosa from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (e.g. BPIFA1, BPIFB1, BPIFB2, LTF, LYZ, S100A8, S100A9)46 were upregulated in amniotic fluid with increasing gestational age. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and chronic rhinosinusitis.