INS and Insulin resistance: Further, when assessing a potential effect modification by insulin resistance status, using an oral glucose tolerance test (AUC or INS-30) rather than HOMA-IR to quantify insulin resistance might have been a better option, as HOMA-IR has limited sensitivity due to its reliance on fasting insulin and glucose levels and it does not reflect differences between tissues (e.g., adipose, muscle) or postprandial physiology.