INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While data from diabetic rodents showed relative hypoglycaemic and oxidative-stress lowering effects of l-cysteine supplementation [61,62] and recent epidemiological analysis suggests reduced cardiometabolic disease mortality with elevated dietary cysteine, glycine and arginine [2], the current empirical data are the first to reveal good evidence for an association between increased dietary intake of these amino acids, tissue redox, and increased insulin sensitivity and blood glucose clearance in humans with T2DM.