PPARGC1A and neuromuscular disease caused by qualitative or quantitative defects of dystrophin: In this investigation, dystrophin deficiency caused a reduction in markers of mitochondrial abundance, which is consistent with previous findings (7, 74) and may be driven, at least in part, by the decreased nuclear abundance of transcription factors that promote mitochondrial biogenesis including PGC1α and NRF2 (75, 76).