Relative to surgery, in the comparator-subjects-with-obesity, insulin (233% difference), triglycerides (TG, 41% difference), HOMA-IR (326% difference), fat mass (29% difference) and fat free mass (12% difference) were elevated, whilst high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; 19% difference) was lower. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.