RARA and acute promyelocytic leukemia: More generally, following on from the clinical success of treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with ATRA, this so-called “differentiation therapy” has been broadly tested against a range of hematologic malignancies, regardless of whether they harbored the APL-specific translocation between the retinoic acid receptor-α (RARA) and APL genes that specifically confers sensitivity to ATRA.