Analysis of PLVAP mRNA in whole tissue lysates from normal and cirrhotic liver demonstrated a 6.9-fold upregulation of PLVAP gene expression across several CLDs, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene PLVAP and pancreatic serous cystadenoma.