DNER and gout: Nominally significant differences were observed for 7 proteins: TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), DNER, IL-10, and CCL3 were reduced, and IL-6, RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand), and MCP-3 were elevated in samples of patients with tophaceous gout (Figures 4C and 4D).