The identified KEGG pathways encompassed crucial processes such as PD-L1 expression, PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), viral myocarditis, p53 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and phagosome, all of which might be involved in the effect of A3C on tumor pathogenesis (Figure S10A). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.